Empress Catherine II Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
A. G. Protosenya, Head of Chair, Doctor of Engineering Sciences
E. M. Volokhov, Associate Professor of Chair, Candidate of Engineering Sciences
M. A. Karasev, Professor of Chair, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
D. Z. Mukminova, Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, mukminova_dz@pers.spmi.ru

The Saint Petersburg metro station “Mining Institute” was designed in complex mining and geological conditions, the microdistrict is characterized by dense urban development, the zone of influence during construction included buildings of historical significance and protected status, therefore, during the design, specialists from the Mining University were additionally involved for a geotechnical assessment, a number of non-standard technical and space-planning solutions were adopted aimed at reducing the negative impact on the surface. The forecast of earth's surface deformations was carried out using numerical analysis methods in a three-dimensional formulation with division into separate parts (station tunnels, main tunnels, etc.), within the framework of which the stress-strain state was modeled taking into account the adopted sequence of mining and construction works. Subsequently, the obtained values of radial and tangential contour displacements obtained on local models were transferred to a global model, including all underground structures of the station. The data of in-kind mine surveying observations of the development of subsidence of the earth's surface in the zone of influence of the station construction for the entire period of construction, objects falling into the displacement trough, and underground structures of the station excavations are analyzed. The reasons for the discrepancy between the data of in-kind mine surveying observations and the predicted values are considered. The importance of using scientifically based and practically tested criteria for assessing the degree of deformation impact is emphasized. Implementation of operational mine surveying monitoring of the condition of buildings and structures can allow timely recording of dangerous trends and implementing measures to stop deformations, preventing the development of negative consequences for the objects being undermined. The new data obtained allow further improvement of the methodology for predicting deformations of the earth's surface at similar metro construction sites in complex engineering and geological conditions.
The work was carried out with the support of the Director of the Scientific Center for Geomechanics and Problems of Mining Production of the Empress Catherine II St. Petersburg Mining University, Doctor of Engineering Sciences A. N. Shabarov and the Editor-in-Chief of the journal “Gornyi Zhurnal”, Doctor of Economic Sciences A. G. Vorobiev.

The authors express their gratitude to JSC Metrostroy Severnoy Stolitsy and OOO Giro for providing the field data.

1. Alkhimova N. V., Mazein S. V. The St. Petersburg metro: in anticipation of rapid development. Metro i tonneli. 2023. No. 1. pp. 18–23.
2. Nikitenko G., Sobol V. Houses and people of Vasilievsky Island. Series: Series: All about St. Petersburg. Moscow : Tsentropolygraf, 2023. 735 p.
3. Antonov V. V., Kobak A. V. Nevsky Archive. Historical and local history collection. Vol. VIII. Saint-Petersburg : Liki Rossii, 2008. 455 p.
4. Kovyazin V. F., Skachkova M. E., Dyachkova I. S. Historical and cultural assessment of urbanized territories as the part of cadastral, land management and other economic activities. Geodesy and Cartography. 2020. Vol. 81, No. 12. pp. 57–62.
5. Dashko R. E., Lokhmatikov G. A. The Upper Kotlin clays of the Saint Petersburg region as a foundation and medium for unique facilities: an engineering-geological and geotechnical analysis. Journal of Mining Institute. 2022. Vol. 254. pp. 180–190.
6. Dashko R. E., Karpenko A. G. Current state of above-ground and underground structures of the Alexander Column: an integral basis for its stability. Journal of Mining Institute. 2023. Vol. 263. pp. 757–773.
7. Giginyak E. I. Construction of an inclined tunnel of a metro station using a Herrenknecht TBM in St. Petersburg. Metro i tonneli. 2009. No. 5. pp. 4–5.
8. Maslak V. A., Bezrodny K. P., Lebedev M. O., Laptev N. A. Geotechnical monitoring during shield driving of an inclined tunnel in St.Petersburg metro. Izvestiya Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle. 2010. No. 2. pp. 152–159.
9. Maslak V. A., Bezrodny K. P., Lebedev M. O. Construction of escalator tunnels in weak soils by the shield method. Izvestiya Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle. 2011. No. 1. pp. 330–337.
10. Demenkov P. A., Karasev M. A., Potemkin D. A. Geomechanical analysis of underground pillar station with step by step excavation. Journal of Mining Institute. 2011. Vol. 190. pp. 220–224.
11. Demenkov P. A., Romanova E. L. Analysis of approaches to calculation of vertical shaft support in tectonic disturbance zones. Izvestiya Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle. 2022. No. 4. pp. 223–236.
12. Novozhenin S. Yu., Bogdanova K. A. Experience of escalator tunnel construction modeling of “Mining Institute” St. Petersburg metro station. Marksheyderskiy vestnik. 2022. No. 3(136). pp. 40–44.
13. Methods of constructing escalator tunnels. Available at: https://metrostroyspb.ru/technology/metro/614/ (accessed: 15.03.2025).
14. The first train arrived at the Gorny Institut metro station. 2024. Available at: https://www.fontanka.ru/2024/04/01/73410812/ (accessed: 25.03.2025).
15. Dudrov K. The first train reached the Gorny Institut metro station. Komsomolskaya pravda. 2024. Available at: https://www.spb.kp.ru/daily/27664/5015893/ (accessed: 25.03.2025).
16. Volohov E. M. Forecast of displacements and deformations of rock mass and earth surface during construction of deep urban tunnels : Theses of Dissertation of Candidate of Engineering Sciences. Saint-Petersburg, 2004. 28 p.
17. Lebedev M. O., Karasev M. A., Belyakov N. A., Basova L. A. Face Stability in Heavy Clay: Theory and Practice. Journal of Mining Science. 2022. Vol. 58, No. 2. pp. 234–245.
18. Kostenko B. V., Larionov R. I. Field data analysis in construction of escalator tunnels at Obvodny Kanal and Admiralteyskaya Stations of the Saint-Petersburg Metro using tunnel boring machine. MIAB. 2021. No. 9. pp. 48–64.
19. Kostenko B. V. Field data analysis in construction of escalator tunnel at Spasskaya Station of the Saint-Petersburg Metro using tunnel boring machine. MIAB. 2022. No. 4. pp. 100–115.
20. Bezrodny K. P., Lebedev M. O., Egorov G. D. Construction of escalator tunnels of the St. Petersburg metro. Metro i tonneli. 2015. № 1. pp. 14–17.
21. Maslak V. A. Experience in providing the stability of tunnel face and roof during its drivage in proterozoic clays. Journal of Mining Institute. 2009. Vol. 183. pp. 297–299.
22. Demin V. F., Yavorskiy V. V., Demina T. V., Chvanina A. O. Substantiation of technological schemes of anchoring when conducting mining. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamentalnykh issledovaniy. 2017. No. 6-1. pp. 27–32.
23. Solodov A.D. Analysis of methods for strengthening rocks and advanced support during the excavation of transport tunnels. Collection of materials from international scientific and practical conferences. Moscow : Tsentr nauchnogo razvitiya “Bolshaya kniga”, 2018. pp. 154–159.
24. Larionov A. A. Observation in fi eld stability of mine constructed in Proterozoic clay. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2010. No. 2(23). pp. 94–99.
25. SP 22.13330.2016. Foundations of buildings and structures (SNiP 2.02.01–83). Moscow : Standartinform, 2017. 162 p.
26. Dolgikh M. V., Volokhov E. M. On the influence of the construction technology of St. Petersburg metro stations on the process of shifting the earth’s surface. Journal of Mining Institute. 2004. Vol. 156. pp. 186–189.
27. Bogomolova E. S., Sergeev O. P., Sukhanov V. V. Experience of using the SDL30 electronic level during tests of the Trinity Bridge. Journal of Mining Institute. 2004. Vol. 156. pp. 219–221.
28. Choker H. M., Mustafin M. G. Geodesic support of laser scan technology use for fixing cultural heritage objects. Geodesy and Cartography. 2021. Vol. 82, No. 2. pp. 2–10.
29. Valkov V. A., Vinogradov K. P., Valkovа E. O., Mustafin M. G. Creating highly informative rasters based on laser scanning and aerial photography data. Geodesy and Cartography. 2022. Vol. 83, No. 11. pp. 40–49.
30. Regulatory documents in the area of activity of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service. Protection of mineral resources and geological surveying control : Collection of documents. Moscow : NTTs PB, 2010. Series 07.
Documents on issues of protection of mineral resources and geological surveying control. Iss. 8. 214 p.
31. VSN 160–69. Instructions for geodetic and mine surveying work during the construction of transport tunnels. Moscow : Orgtransstroy, 1970. 462 p.
32. Demenkov P. A., Komolov V. V. Study of influence of the deep pit construction on soil mass in flat and spatial formulation. MIAB. 2023. No. 6. pp. 97–110.
33. Baryakh A. A., Devyatkov S. Yu., Denkevich E. T. Mathematical modelling of displacement during the potash ores mining by longwall faces. Journal of Mining Institute. 2023. Vol. 259. pp. 13–20.
34. Ilinov M. D., Korshunov V. A., Pospekhov G. B., Shokov A. N. Integrated experimental research of mechanical properties of rocks: Problems and solutions. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2023. No. 5. pp. 11–18.
35. PB 07–269–98. Rules for the protection of structures and natural objects from the harmful effects of underground mine workings in coal deposits. Saint-Petersburg : VNIMI, 1998. 291 p.