Empress Catherine II Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

I. I. Bagautdinov, Leading Researcher, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, bagautdinov_ii@pers.spmi.ru
O. Yu. Loktyukova, Leading Engineer
A. N. Shabarov, Director of Research Center for Geomechanics and Mining Problems, Doctor of Engineering Sciences

Rock bursts are one of the extremely critical hazards in the mining industry both in Russia and beyond. The strength and frequency of these hazardous geodynamic events are governed by a number of factors. The main factors are the effective stresses in rock mass, the geological structure of rock mass, as well as the sequence and rate of mining operations at a deposit. The statistical data on rock bursts recorded in different mining regions in Russia and abroad are reported. The trends shown in the article prove that the number of rock burst decreases in some regions and increase in the other regions. Russian regulatory documents conventionally distinguish between microbumps, rock bursts and tectonic shocks. Tectonic shocks are mostly connected with the intense reactivation of movement of blocks along the existing weak surfaces, and this is the basic difference of the tectonic shocks from the rock bursts. Although mines possess various advanced technical facilities today, geodynamic events of different strength still happen and bring different consequences. The causes of rock bursts in brittle and high-stress rock masses are highly versatile, from a vague mechanism of a geodynamic event in each particular case to its origin and exact location of the source. Nonetheless, the authors state that one of the major causes of geodynamic events are the peculiarities of the tectonic structure of rock masses. Based on the analysis of statistical processing of seismic monitoring data and data on rock bursts recorded at different mineral deposits, the authors believe that a new mechanism of the 3rd class rock bursts exists in the areas of hidden geological disjunctives composed of high-strength materials—monchikite dykes and aegirine veins. A rock burst or a geodynamic event happens in a co-disjunctive area after attainment of strength limit in high-stress rock masses. The listed factors and theory of the new mechanism of rock bursts need a further research.

The study was carried out under the state contract with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Topic FSRW-2023-0002 Basic Interdisciplinary Investigation of Subsoil and Integrated Management of Georesources.

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