Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia

Yu. A. Kashnikov, Head of Department, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor, geotech@pstu.ac.ru
S. G. Ashikhmin, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor
D. V. Shustov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor

Mining of solid minerals and hydrocarbon resources permanently faces various geomechanical problems, including different uncertainties: uncertain natural stresses or physical and mechanical components of enclosing rock mass; uncertainties in interpretation of instrumental observation data on deformation of rock mass; uncertainty of selection of a geomechanical model, etc. At the present time, components of the natural stress field are sufficiently reliably determined for some ore deposits in Siberia, Norilsk province and on the Kola Peninsula, as well as for some oil reservoirs in Siberia and in the Perm Krai. However, in order to enhance mining safety and efficiency, much more assessments are required for different sites at different deposits. The difficulties in the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks are caused, among other things, by the lack of a unified standard. There are Russian state standards (GOST), standards of International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISTM), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS), Rock Testing Handbook (RTH) of the US Army Corps of Engineers, etc. These standards differ by the dimensions of the test samples, loading rates, etc. Furthermore, there is yet no a unified and reliable approach to including the scale factor in assessment of properties of large rock mass areas. This also brings complications in geomechanical modeling and adequate description of deformation and failure both in large areas in rock masses and in models of individual mine openings. Uncertainties in interpretation of in-situ observations over deformations in mines and on ground surface are connected with the time lag between mineral mining operations and ground surface displacements, and with the temporal evolution of deformations. The article offers specific examples of handling the listed problems at the Center for Subsoils Geomechanics and Geodynamics at the Perm National Research Polytechnic University.

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