Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II, Санкт-Петербург, Россия

К. Ю. Шахназаров, профессор кафедры материаловедения и технологии художественных изделий, докт. техн. наук, эл. почта: Shakhnazarov_KYu@pers.spmi.ru
С. А. Вологжанина, профессор кафедры материаловедения и технологии художественных изделий, докт. техн. наук, эл. почта: vologzhanina_sa@pers.spmi.ru
Р. М. Хузнахметов, аспирант кафедры материаловедения и технологии художественных изделий, эл. почта: s225045@stud.spmi.ru

Учитывая важное значение для науки и практики выявления причинно-следственных механизмов аномалий свойств материалов, предложен подход, позволяющий установить взаимосвязь особенностей изменения электрических свойств с формированием наночастиц промежуточных фаз в сплавах на основе цветных металлов. Предложен критерий оценки К_Δ, позволяющий оценить возможность формирования наночастиц химических соединений (промежуточных фаз), которые оказывают существенное влияние на превращения в тонкой структуре. Это позволяет связать не поддающиеся объяснению экстремумы на кривых электрических свойств (электропроводности, удельного электросопротивления, электросопротивления, температурного коэффициента электросопротивления, термоэлектродвижущей силы) с диаграммами фазового равновесия промышленно используемых цветных сплавов. Появляется возможность рассмотрения диаграммы фазового равновесия с учетом разработанного критерия К_Δ, позволяющего дать прогноз о протекании процессов образования наночастиц промежуточных фаз и, как следствие, изменения электрических свойств в системах (Pt – Ag, Al – Fe, Bi – Pb, Al – Zr, Cu – Zn) цветных сплавов. Разработанный критерий К_Δ позволяет установить: причину максимума электросопротивления и его температурного коэффициента сплавов серебра с платиной, неизменности электросопротивления в интервале концентраций (24–32 % (ат.) Fe) сплавов системы алюминий – железо, скачкообразного роста электропроводности и абсолютного максимума термоЭДС сплавов системы висмут – свинец, максимума удельного электросопротивления сплавов системы алюминий – цирконий, неизменности электропроводности и температурного коэффициента электросопротивления сплавов системы медь – цинк.

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