Санкт-Петербургский горный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия:

Д. И. Иванченко, доцент, канд. техн. наук, эл. почта: ivanchenko_di@pers.spmi.ru
А. И. Смирнов, ассистент, канд. техн. наук, эл. почта: smirnov_ai@pers.spmi.ru

Современная металлургическая промышленность характеризуется растущим уровнем потребления электрической энергии, необходимым для обеспечения технологического процесса. Одним из основных подходов к решению задачи эффективного и бесперебойного электроснабжения предприятий, в том числе металлургических, согласно Энергетической стратегии Российской Федерации до 2035 года, является применение систем распределенной генерации (РГ). Такие системы отличаются повышенными требованиями к устройствам релейной защиты и автоматики (РЗА), обеспечивающим надежность работы энергосистем и, соответственно, снабжение предприятий электрической энергией. В работе выполнен анализ проблем, возникающих при работе устройств РЗА в системах РГ. Проведено моделирование работы максимальной токовой защиты (МТЗ) при изменении топологии электрической сети с учетом влияния источников РГ. Проведенные исследования показали ограничения по применению традиционных устройств РЗА в сетях с источниками РГ, позволили выделить основные факторы, влияющие на работу МТЗ. На основе анализа результатов моделирования и предлагаемых методов решения проблемы применения устройств РЗА в сетях с источниками РГ было показано, что устройства РЗА должны быть адаптивными. Для решения задачи динамической подстройки защиты к изменению токов короткого замыкания (КЗ) был предложен адаптивный алгоритм выбора уставок срабатывания защиты от КЗ. Алгоритм протестирован на компьютерной модели распределительной сети с несколькими генераторами и потребителями, в которой имитировали динамические режимы электрической сети металлургического предприятия, и показал эффективность работы в подобных сетях.

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