ООО «Алюмпроект», Санкт-Петербург, Россия:

В. В. Медведев, главный инженер, канд. техн. наук
С. Н. Ахмедов, генеральный директор, канд. техн. наук

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет промышленных технологий и дизайна, Высшая школа
технологии и энергетики, Санкт-Петербург, Россия:

В. А. Липин, заведующий кафедрой физической и коллоидной химии, докт. техн. наук, доцент, эл. почта: vadim.lipin@km.ru

В современных условиях стоимость энергоресурсов в технологии получения глинозема становится критически определяющей само существование производства глинозема. Гидрохимические методы актуальны для низкокачественных бокситов и красных шламов, так как огромная доступность этого сырья по сравнению с высококачественным дает возможность нивелировать критическое возрастание стоимости энергозатрат (газ, мазут, уголь) при традиционном способе переработки бокситов по способу Байера. Рассмотрены опыт и перспективы результатов исследований при разработке и реализации Байер-гидрогранатовой технологии переработки низкокачественных бокситов и отвальных красных шламов. Регенерируемые в гидрогранатовом цикле шламовые оксиды натрия и алюминия красного шлама возвращаются в байеровскую ветвь, а синтезированный новый твердый продукт, в который включена вся масса бокситового железа, кремния, кальция и малых примесей, переводится в товарную продукцию разного назначения. Показано, что, независимо от происхождения бокситов и красных шламов, использование этой технологии позволяет достигать высоких извлечений полезных компонентов в конечные продукты и минимизировать объемы сбросов и выбросов. Аппаратурно-технологические разработки последних лет направлены на упрощение процесса, повышение степени извлечения оксида алюминия и расширение номенклатуры попутно выпускаемой товарной продукции. Малоотходная гидрогранатовая технология переработки бокситов предусматривает получение, наряду с глиноземом и гидроксидами алюминия, чугуна, пигментов, мелиорантов, строительных материалов и прочего. Испытания ее в разных масштабах показали применимость к бокситам разного качества.

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