Самарский национальный исследовательский университет имени академика С. П. Королева, Самара, Россия:

О. С. Бондарева, доцент кафедры технологии металлов и авиационного материаловедения, канд. техн. наук, эл. почта: osbond@yandex.ru
О. С. Добычина, аспирант кафедры технологии металлов и авиационного материаловедения

Погружное горячее цинкование является одним из наиболее распространенных и эффективных способов получения защитных покрытий на строительных конструкциях и различных изделиях. Процесс используется уже более 150 лет, но последние десятилетия наблюдается динамичное развитие этой технологии с целью снижения расхода цинка, а также улучшения качества покрытия. К настоящему времени проведено большое число работ по изучению влияния различных легирующих добавок к цинковой ванне на структуру и толщину покрытия. В статье приведены результаты исследований покрытий, полученных в цинковых ваннах с добавками алюминия, никеля, свинца, висмута, олова, ванадия, титана, вводимыми в ванну цинкования в различных сочетаниях. Приведены данные по сочетаниям легирующих добавок, которые позволяют регулировать реакционную способность стали с различным содержанием кремния. Показано, что реакционную способность сталей типа Sandelin (0,03–0,12 % Si) можно контролировать добавлением Ni или сочетания Ni + Bi. Также на реакционную способность стали оказывают воздействие Al, Bi и Sn. Показано влияние добавок на качество поверхности покрытия. Добавление Pb, Bi и Sn улучшает стекание жидкого цинка с поверхности изделия. При этом следует учитывать негативные последствия их воздействия, например, токсичность свинца и возможность увеличения риска жидкометаллического охрупчивания при использовании висмута и олова. Рассмотрено положительное и отрицательное влияние некоторых добавок на процесс образования отходов цинкования. Представлены современные разработки в области коммерческих цинковых сплавов для ванн цинкования. Указаны оптимальные решения по выбору системы легирования ванны и рекомендации по пределам изменения концентрации каждого элемента.

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