Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia

Melnikov N. N., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Kalashnik A. I., Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, kalashnik@goi.kolasc.net.ru
Kalashnik N. A., Researcher

The article sets out a methodical framework of an integrated multi-level geofluid mechanics monitoring system for the mining and processing industry and illustrates the system implementation in the Kola Peninsula. The system is based on the multi-disciplinary observations, including ground-based and GPS (satellite) survey, geological engineering, hydrogeological and geotechnical measurements, aerial photography, geomechanical assessment, as well as subsurface, ground-based and spaceborn radar sensing. The structure of the system provides five monitoring levels, out of which the first four levels (subsurface, groundbased, airborn and spaceborn) are related with the daylight surface, while the fifth level (computer) means geofluid mechanics modeling and multi-version prediction in the analysis of various combinations of nature and technology impacts. The actual observations and subsatellite sites at waterworks of tailings ponds are illustrated in terms of processing plants of Kovdor GOK, Kola MMC, Oleniy Ruchey GOK and OLKON companies. Within the last 4 years, the integrated research into the state of these structures has been carried out jointly with the multi-level and different-scale scheduled measurements using check and control bench marks. From the obtained evidence, characteristics of the mechanical strength as well as permeability and deformation behavior of waterworks dams are revealed. The implemented research proves that the multi-level geofluid mechanics monitoring of waterworks within the systematic multi-disciplinary investigations enables early-stage detection of hazardous seepage, deformations and damages, as well as well-timed response and command decision-making to prevent emergencies and accidents. The experience gained in the integration of space, subsurface and ground-based radar sensing into surveying and hydrogeological observations makes it possible to state that the created system can efficiently be used in the geofluid mechanics monitoring of waterworks in the mining and processing industry.

The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No. 15-29-06037.

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