Tver State Technical University:

O. S. Misnikov, Dean, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, leg.misnikov@gmail.com

E. U. Chertkova, Master of  Engineering and Technologies, lastochka-w@mail.ru

Ivanovo fire and rescue Academy of State Fire service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia:

O. V. Dmitriev, Head of Department information management and technology information support

The development of peat industry in the Russian Federation is restrained, mainly, due to the absence of breakthrough technologies in raw peat processing. Currently, there are 50 peat-extracting enterprises in our country with the total volume of extraction not exceeding 2 million tons of peat per year. This unique natural resource, which includes a wide range of groups of chemical compounds, is foremost used in big- and small-scale power generation as well in agriculture. These technologies don’t provide peat products a high surplus value, which is a restraining factor for the innovative development in this sphere. At the same time the territory of Russia concentrates about 37% of the world peat reserves, being 180 billion tons in volume terms with conditional (40%) humidity. Moreover, there is a great number of peatlands, which made up before the middle of 80-s of 20th century extraction volumes equal to 150 billion tons annually, that are now in a desolate and consequently fire-dangerous state. The abnormally hot summer of 2010 demonstrated such a threat. One of new directions of advanced peat-processing, which will help to give a new impetus to the production of peat, is obtaining of hydrophobic modifying components for processing mineral dispersed materials on its basis [1, 2] This direction is being developed in Tver State Technical University and has an international priority. The theoretical foundations of obtaining products of thermal chemical processing of peat and their use as a water-repellent agent were proposed by professor Vladimir Rakovskiy and his scientific school in 40–60 s of the 20th century [3–6]. Later, these ideas were developed during obtaining the method of hydrophobic modification of mineral binders and building materials based on them. It is known that among all the groups of chemical compounds in the composition of organic matter of peat there are only bitumens that are initially hudrophobic. Among them there are matters, soluble in organic solvents, that consist of fats, waxes, paraffins and resins. Raw peat composes extracted compounds and their elemental chemical composition range from 1.4% to 15.9% of its organic weight depending on the type and kind of peat, degree of its decomposition and mineralization. Hovewer, the avarage amount of bitumens is not large, varying within 2–4% [3, 7].

1. Misnikov O. S. Fiziko-khimicheskie osnovy gidrophobizatsii mineralnykh vyazhushchikh materialov dobavkami iz torfyanogo syrya (Physicochemical principles of hydrophobization of mineral binders by additives produced from peat raw material). Teoreticheskie osnovy khimicheskoy tekhnologii = Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. 2006. Vol. 40, No. 4. pp. 423-430.

2. Misnikov O. S., Chertkova E. Yu. Hydrophobic Modification of Mineral Binders by Additives Produced from Peat. Eurasian Mining. 2014. No. 1 (21). pp. 63-68.

3. Rakovskiy V. E., Kaganovich F. L., Novichkova E. A. Khimiya pirogennykh protsessov (Chemistry of pyrogenic processes). Minsk: Belorussian Academy of Sciences, 1959. 208 p.

4. M. G. Sulman, Yu. Yu. Kosivtsov et al. Influence of aluminosilicate materials on the peat low-temperature pyrolysis and gas formation. Chemical Engineering Journal.  2009. Vol. 154. pp. 355-360.

5. Sister V. G., Lugovoy Yu. V. et al. Kataliticheskiy piroliz polimernykh smesey (Catalytic pyrolysis of polymeric mixtures). Zhurnal fizivheskoy khimii = Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2011. Vol. 85, No. 6. pp. 1091-1093.

6. Sister V. G., Ivannikova E. M. et al. Sovmestnyy kataliticheskiy piroliz torfa i neftesoderzhashchikh otkhodov (Combined catalytic pyrolysis of peat and petroleumcontaining wastes). Khimicheskoe i neftegazovoe mashinostroenie = Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2012. Vol. 47, No. 9-10. pp. 609-612.

7. Kosivtsov Yu. Yu., Sister V. G. et al. Opytno-promyshlennaya ustanovka dlya kataliticheskogo piroliza organicheskikh materialov (Experimental industrial plant for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass). Khimicheskoe i neftegazovoe mashinostroenie = Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2011. Vol. 47, No. 5-6. pp. 378-382.

8. Afanasiev A.E., Efremov A.S. Vliyanie strukturoobrazovaniya na plotnost zhidkostnykh kolloidnykh kapillyarno-poristykh tel (Effect of structuring on the density of the liquid in colloidal capillary porous bodies). Teoreticheskie osnovy khimicheskoy tekhnologii = Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. 2011. Vol. 45, No. 1. pp. 120-126.

9. Ni X., Chow W. Fundamental suppression chemistry of clean fire suppressing agents: a review. Journal of Applied Fire Science. 2011. Vol. 21, No. 3. pp. 223-251.

10. Chow W.K., Liu Q. A brief review on flame spread over lignocellulosic materials. Journal of Applied Fire Science. 2012. Vol. 22, No. 4. pp. 471-486.

11. Abduragimov I. M. O mekhanizatsii ognetushashchego deystviya sredstv pozharotusheniya (On mechanisms of the fire-extinguishing effect of fire-extinguishing means). Pozharovzryvobezopasnost = Fire and explosion safety. 2012. No. 4. p. 69.

12. Dmitriev O. V., Misnikov O. S., Popov V. I. Issledovanie svoystv ognetushashchikh poroshkovykh sostavov modifitsirovannykh gidrophobnymi dobavkami na osnove torfyanogo syrya (Research of properties of Fire-extinguishing compositions modified by hydrophobic additives based on peat). Pozharovzryvobezopasnost = Fire and explosion safety. 2013. No. 5. pp. 81-85.